No. 16 June, 2001
North Dakota Lamb and Wool Industry Newsletter
North Dakota Lamb and Wool Producers Association / NDSU Extension Service
Roger G. Haugen, Extension Sheep Specialist and Editor 701-231-7645

Comments from the NDLWPA President

Moments to Remember
It was a late Sunday afternoon I had just finished working sheep and was feeling tired and wornout. I had that oily feeling on my hands and my clothes only someone who has worked sheep would recognize. My eyes and ears were full of the dust that was swirling around me all day thanks to the forty-mile an hour winds that seem so prevalent in North Dakota. That sick ewe had just died and now I had two more orphans to bottle-feed. I found myself questioning. Why am I doing this? My counter parts are carefree for the weekend. My thoughts needed further examination. It seemed my personal costs out weighed the benefits. As my hands worked at cleaning up my chores, my mind worked its way back to my childhood and to some of my first experiences with sheep and farm life.

I remembered those long summer days when the sun would greet you face with a warm glow and the fresh smell of newly mowed hay lingered in the barn. How my sisters and I would work with our 4-H lambs all day only for that short fleeting moment when we would be named grand champion, best in show. I remember the day my dad brought home the champion and reserve champion Hampshire ewes at the North Dakota Winter Show Bred Ewe Sale. Dad and I had visions of all the champions we would raise from those two sheep. Or the day dad purchased a new stud ram, and how I would sit and ponder the matings just to get the right lamb for show. And anyone who has raised sheep cannot deny the good and natural feelings that come with spring time and lambing. I recalled the excitement and amazement of a fourteen year-old boy who is cut loose at the state fair, and given the task of preparing sheep for show. But most important in all these situations are the people you develop relationships with. Each of us starts life long associations with individuals whose paths we have crossed. Some more colorful than others, some only brief but memorable.

The clang of the closing barn door brought me out of my reverie. As it faded, I realized that=s's how I got here, and that's why I am staying. I know the sacrifices made by my parents to get me here, and that's a debt of gratitude I gladly repay. The purpose is enriching your life and the lives of others, and surmounting the obstacles that stand in your way. And reaping a reward of humanity greater than the sum of all the obstacles. These are the moments each of us will remember all of your lives and for them I am truly grateful.

Take some time this summer to create new memories and lasting friendships and take an active part in sheep events, show, sales and fairs. I hope to see you in my memories.

Burton Pfliger, President of NDLWPA, Bismarck

News from the State

Minutes from NDLWPA Board Meeting April 18, 2001 Seven Seas, Mandan
Members present: Rodney Hickle, Dave Merwin, Burton Pfliger, Lowell Nester (guest), Roger Haugen, Don Lawson, Jane Horner, Burdell Johnson and Lyle Warner. Members absent: Scott Bredahl, Jeff Strand, Steve Copenhaver, Brent Stroh and Ula Widdel.

The meeting was called to order by Burton Pfliger. It was moved and seconded to suspend the rules.

Dr. Keller - Hoof and Mouth and Scrapie update
Hoof and Mouth

There have been 1370 farms diagnosed in UK with hoof and mouth disease. The UK has approximately 63 million livestock and they anticipate that nearly one half of them will have to be put down. At the present time, they have put down approximately 1.2 million.

Indemnity: In the US, producers would be paid fair market value prior to an outbreak. For registered animals there is an allowance for an appraisal process to increase the price above fair market value.

Vaccine: Vaccinating animals can create carrier cases and other countries may not trade with anyone vaccinating animals. It is used to stop the spread of the disease by creating a buffer zone. Vaccinated animals would have to be destroyed the same as animals found to have the disease.

There are 7 main and 60 substrains of the virus. It is the most contagious virus in the world. US, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica are the only countries in the world at the present time that are free of hoof and mouth disease. The virus can live in the human respiratory tract for up to 48 hours.

Scrapie Eradication
In the US there are 7.026 million sheep, 4.432 million of them are breeding sheep. Of the producers, 99% are small farms, 85% having less than 100 head and .3% of the farms account for 26% of the sheep population.

The program goal is: Eradicate scrapie. To do this they have three immersed goals: 1) develop effective scrapie control, 2) determine regional prevalence and 3) develop slaughter surveillance with the ability to trace back to the flock of origin. To accomplish this they are developing tags that will be either flock tags or individual animal tags. Burton, Roger and Lyle will go through the document and meet with the state veterinarian.

The regular meeting was reopened and the minutes were approved as read.

Treasurers report: Current balance of $6399.11. The treasurers report was approved as read.

Sheep Mentorship Program Proposal - Dave Merwin
Lowell Nester proposed a mentorship program with the goal of increasing ewe numbers in ND by 30,000 to 60,000 in the next five years. He asked for $2000 seed money from NDLWPA to get the program started, the remainder of the money needed to support the program would come from tuition and grants. Don L. moved to table the issue and send information to the other board members. Seconded by Lyle W.

Make it Yourself With Wool - Jane Horner
The National Convention will be in San Antonio, TX next year. Jane will implement a $10 state entry fee beginning at the 2001 Convention. There will also be two new categories: Made For Others and Wearable Accessories. Jane will be going to Napoleon to teach a vest sewing class.

Dakota Lamb Growers - Dave Merwin
They are delivering 85 - 90 lambs per week to Roche Brothers of Boston. They are putting it in 6 of their 15 stores and it is replacing imported lamb.

The meeting was adjourned. The next board meeting will be June 18, 2001 at the Seven Seas.

2001 NDLWPA Market Lamb and Ewe Junior Futurity by Lyle Warner
RULES:

1. Each individual must pay a $5.00 Junior membership fee.
2. Maximum age 18, must be 18 on Jan. 1, 2001, no minimum age.
3. Each animal must be identified as a Futurity animal and year end point accumulations will be on an individual animal, not the person. The animal must be shown by the same individual at all of the shows.
4. Entry fees will be $5.00 per animal per show. Eighty percent of the entry fee will be jackpotted, 60% going to the Grand Champion, 40% to the Reserve Champion. Jackpots will be separate for market lambs and breeding females.
5. Inhumane treatment of animals will not be tolerated. Specifically, there will be no hitting of animals or lifting animals off the ground.

AWARDS: Awards will be awarded in three categories: market lamb, junior female (spring lambs) and senior female (falls and yearlings).

POINT SCHEDULE: (Based on placing of JUNIOR futurity animals within the class. Ex. if a junior futurity lamb were to place 2nd and 5th in class in the open show, they would receive 10 and 9 points respectively.
1st
2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
 10   9    8    7   6    5    4    3   2     1

Year end points will be accumulated on 2/3 of the eligible shows for the year. Ex. If there are 10 eligible shows, the highest points, from up to 7 shows, will be added to determine the total points for the year.

SUPREME CHAMPION: An additional 1 point per junior entry in each category (market lamb - breeding female) will be awarded, with a maximum of 25 points per show. Ex. If there are a total of 22 wether lambs entered, the grand champion would receive 22 points in addition to class points.

RESERVE SUPREME CHAMPION: An additional 2 point per junior entry in each category (market lamb - breeding female) will be awarded in addition to class points.

List of Shows approved for the 2001 NDLWPA Junior Sheep Futurity
Mercer County Fair - Beulah June 30

Contact: Matt Benz (701) 873-4135

Badlands Classic - Bowman July 14
Contact: Michelle Rotenberger (605) 576-3208

Tri-County Fair - Wishek July 14
Contact: Bill Kline (701) 288-3465

North Dakota State Fair - Minot July 23 - 24
Breeding sheep - the evening of July 23
Market lambs - the morning of July 24
Contact: See State Fair book

Adams County - Hettinger August 4
Contact: Dave Pearson (701) 567-4488

Morton County - New Salem August 4
Contact: Jackie Buckley (701) 667-3346

News from the National Scene

EPA Approves FMD Disinfectant
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has granted approval of a product from Minnesota-based Ecolab Inc. that should help all livestock producers and owners in the United States protect their livestock against potential infection by foot-and-mouth disease (FMD).

The product, Oxy-Sept(R) 333 (EPA Reg. No.1677-129), is an antimicrobial disinfectant used in housing facilities and other sources of cross contamination. Formulated for rapid soil penetration and disinfecting properties, its effectiveness is based on a stabilized peroxyacetic acid formulation, the company stated.

"As a technology, peroxyacetic acid has been known for its effective disinfecting and sanitizing applications for some time. Ecolab expanded the applications of this material into several areas in the food safety arena," explained Chris Sigurdson, Agri Senior Marketing Manager, Ecolab. "It is already used in processing plants to protect vegetables, dairy products, red meat and beverages.

This new approval takes our program to the next level by offering a new biosecurity solution for food animal producers." Oxy-Sept 333 is an "effective" disinfectant against bacteria and viruses. It controls a wide range of pathogens, including: Salmonella chloraesius and enteriditis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli, as well as viruses such as several types of Influenza A (H10N7), Newcastle Disease virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and now FMD (Aphthovirus).

"In the past, food animal producers and livestock owners have concentrated their disease-prevention efforts around animal vaccination and treatment, which are of course crucial elements of disease control. But without a solid environmental sanitation program in place, we're potentially leaving too many open doors for disease transmission," Sigurdson added. For more information on Oxy-Sept 333, contact Ecolab at 1-800-392-3392 (U.S.).

Protein saves bone in elderly people
It's no secret that people need ample calcium and vitamin D to maintain strong bones, even in their twilight years. Now, a study suggests that protein intake may be important in reducing bone loss in elders. The 70- to 90-year-old men and women with the highest protein intakes lost significantly less bone over a four-year period than those who consumed half or less the protein. Animal protein, as well as overall protein intake, was associated with preserving bone.

The study was conducted by researchers with the Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for the Aged, Research and Training Institute; Boston University; and the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, all in Boston, Mass. The USDA center is funded by the department's chief scientific research agency, the Agricultural Research Service.

Articles for the August Newsletter
The next newsletter will be published the end of July for August 1 delivery. I invite anyone to submit articles to be included. I will need them by the middle of July. Thank you! Roger Haugen, Extension Sheep Specialist, Hultz Hall, NDSU, Fargo, ND 58105. Phone: 231-7645; Fax: 231-7590; Email: rohaugen@ndsuext.nodak.edu

Educational Information
by Roger G. Haugen, NDSU Extension Sheep Specialist

Ram Selection - What=s Important ?
Are you interested in a "ewe settler" or a growthy, healthy ram that has the genetic potential to improve your flock? Is ram selection on the bottom of your list after field work or are you willing to do some early scouting for a good ram? Is price the most important criteria in which ram you buy or is the genetic potential to improve your flock's rate of gain, carcass desirability, lambing percentage, lamb survival, etc. more important? The answers you give to these questions will determine how important ram selection is in you.

The old saying "a good ram is half the flock" is a very true statement. But don't forget the following, "a poor ram is all of the flock to be". Long after a poor ram is dead and gone, his genes live on. Unless you realize what a poor ram has done in your flock and eliminate his offspring, his genes will be around to haunt you in years to come.

We all know of the countless "bargain" rams that have been sold over the years. Maybe we have even bought one or two. Evidence of their harm to the industry is all around us.

What about selection? What are the guidelines you should use in selecting your ram? Basically they fall into two categories: production information and physical appearance.

It is to examine records first, select the top rams on records and then look at their physical appearance. Rams need to be selected that have the genes for rapid gains, desirable carcass qualities, and the ability to sire daughters with greater reproductive ability. The key factor in a profitable sheep enterprise is pounds of lamb produced per ewe per year.

What records are important? First of all, individual records on the ram himself are the most important, especially in his growth record. A ram that does not possess the genetic potential to grow seldom sires offspring that do. Next, records on his sire and dam are important. If the ram's sire has produced several sons that were outstanding producers and his dam gave birth to several outstanding individuals, that is good evidence that he will do likewise. Remember, the more records on an individual, the more accurate is the selection.

A ram's ancestors production records are extremely important when selecting rams with the genetic potential to sire prolific daughters. Records from the North Dakota Sheep Production Testing Program indicate real difference in the daughter averages of different sires. In addition, lamb death loss differences among sires are evident from the records.

Physically, a ram should be examined from head to toe. Is his conformation desirable? Does he have indication of desirable muscling? Has he got a good head, normal eyes with no indication of inverted eyelids, and a mouth with a normal bite? He should be tipped over and his testicles checked for uniformity and size. No evidence of epididymitis should be present. Be skeptical about any abnormality affecting any portion of the reproductive tract. His feet should be free of defects or diseases.

Check the ram closely for external parasites. Healthy sheep have a characteristic pink color to their skin (slightly darker in the black-face breeds). Note the color of the mucous membrane of the mouth and eyes. Absence of color indicates anemia, yellowness may indicate a liver disorder. When in doubt about a health question, seek the advice of a veterinarian.

What about reproductive and structural soundness? Do we sometimes sacrifice this or even overlook it when selecting some rams that are superior in other areas, especially size. Besides growth, ram selection should include an examination of the following:

*Testicular development - research results have shown that there is a positive relationship between testicular size and reproductive performance. The scrotum on a ram should be full and pliable. The testicles should be even, shaped like an avocado and feel firm to the touch, yet not hard. Testicles that feel soft and mushy may indicate a possible fertility problem. The viability of semen is dependent on the regulatory ability of the scrotum. A functional scrotum will keep the semen in the testicles at a lower temperature than the ram's body.

* Sound mouth - the importance of a correct mouth cannot be stressed enough. Teeth should meet the pad evenly. Sometimes we discriminate against a good ram for having a bad mouth because of his teeth, when really it's okay. A truly "bad mouth" is when the whole jaw is either overshot or undershot with the result that the teeth never meet the pad. This is heritable and undesirable. However, when a ram or ram lamb has been kept on heavy feeding for a long period of time, the lower gum will often become soft, allowing the teeth to move forward so they don't meet the pad. In this case, the teeth can be moved with a finger and is different from the true "bad mouth" which is a problem of breeding, not feed management.

* Feet and legs - a ram should stand up on the front of it's toes. Walking on it's heels or pasterns is undesirable. Often times, a big, fast-gaining buck lamb will grow faster than the strength of his muscles and will go down on his pasterns. Rarely will he come back up again and as he gets older will probably develop sore feet and will prefer to stay off them rather than breed. Bad pasterns are a structural fault and no matter how fast a ram grows, he still has to stand up and breed to be effective. The hock should have a noticeable bend to it. Straightness all the way down in the back legs is known as postlegged. This condition gets worse as an animal gets older until the legs bend the wrong way making it difficult to get around. Postleggedness is very heritable and should be avoided both in rams and ewes.

* Front end - the brisket and front end of a ram should not be too heavy, but should blend in well with the shoulder and front legs. As long as the front legs are straight and balance the front end, they need not be two feet apart. Wide fronts on rams are nice to look at but they sure create problems during lambing.

Finally, when you are deciding on which ram to buy, remember the following, "the best available ram is never too good". The bargain ram often costs money in the long run instead of making you money. There has never been a flock yet that had too much improvement.

Hay/Straw - Bale or Ton
Hay and straw are purchased by many producers in small amounts. Also, small bales are still popular. Here are two ways to determine prices, one per bale and the other per ton. The charts give comparison figures by each method. Don't forget that delivery cost is also a factor in the final cost of your hay or straw.

                            BALE WEIGHT
Price/Bale   30 LBS   40 LBS   50 LBS   60 LBS
   $0.50        $33.33    $25.00    $20.00    $16.67
   $0.75        $50.00    $37.50    $30.00    $25.00
   $1.00        $66.67    $50.00    $40.00    $33.33
   $1.25        $83.33    $62.50    $50.00    $41.67
   $1.50      $100.00    $75.00    $60.00     $50.00
   $1.75      $116.67    $87.50    $70.00     $58.33
   $2.00      $133.33   $100.00    $80.00     $66.67
   $2.25      $150.00   $112.50    $90.00     $75.00
   $2.50      $166.67   $125.00   $100.00    $83.33
   $2.75      $183.33   $137.50   $110.00    $91.67
   $3.00      $200.00   $150.00   $120.00  $100.00
                               COST PER TON

                                 BALE WEIGHT
Price/Ton    30 LBS    40 LBS    50 LBS    60 LBS
    $30         $0.45       $0.60      $0.75       $0.90
    $40         $0.60       $0.80      $1.00       $1.20
    $50         $0.75       $1.00      $1.25       $1.50
    $60         $0.90       $1.20      $1.50       $1.80
    $70         $1.05       $1.40      $1.75       $2.10
    $80         $1.20       $1.60      $2.00       $2.40
    $90         $1.35       $1.80      $2.25       $2.70
    $100       $1.50       $2.00      $2.50        $3.00
    $110       $1.65       $2.20      $2.75        $3.30
    $120       $1.80       $2.40      $3.00        $3.60
    $130       $1.95       $2.60      $3.25        $3.90
                              COST PER BALE

Dakota Lamb Growers Cooperative
Greetings from Jim Ostlie, President of the Dakota Lamb Growers Cooperative. Spring is an exciting time of the year: the grass starts to grow, trees start showing their green leaves, tractors begin tilling the soil. And of course we can=t forget the sheep, they just can=t wait to get on a pasture full of green grass.

This spring has been an exciting time of year for sheep producers also. More exciting if you are members of the DLGC. Our lamb is currently on supermarket shelves in Boston. We started out slaughtering 88 lambs/week, we are currently up to 130 lambs/week. The DLGC is working on marketing lamb in other cities also.

At a board meeting on April 26 in Bismarck, ND, the board of directors of the DLGC voted to hire Dave Merwin of Hettinger, ND as the permanent CEO. Dave has done such a good job of operating the coop, he was a very good candidate.

Mark November 30 and December 1 on your calendar. More details in next newsletter.Jim Ostlie, President of DLGC

Attention Board Members!!
President Burton Pfliger has called a board of directors meeting for June 20th (Note change from June 18th in the minutes) at the Seven Seas in Mandan starting at 10:00 am CST. PLEASE PLAN ON ATTENDING.

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Calendar of Events:
June 30; NDLWPA Lamb Futurity Show
at Beulah
July 14; NDLWPA Lamb Futurity Show
at Bowman
July 14; NDLWPA Lamb Futurity Show
at Wishek

July 22-23: 4-H/FFA Sheep Shows
at ND State Fair
July 23; NDLWPA Lamb Futurity Show - Breeding Sheep
at ND State Fair
July 24; NDLWPA Lamb Futurity Show - Market Lambs
at ND State Fair

July 25-27: Open Sheep Shows
at ND State Fair
August 2-4: Open Sheep Shows
at SD State Fair

August 4; NDLWPA Lamb Futurity Show
at Hettinger
August 4; NDLWPA Lamb Futurity Show
at New Salem
August 9: SDSU Sheep Day and Ewe Sale
at Brookings, SD (Note change from June 14)
September 19: State Ram Sale
in Hettinger

November 30: NDLWPA Ewe Sale
in Valley City
November 30, December 1: Annual Sheep Convention
in Mandan
November 30, December 1-2: North Star Classic Livestock Show & Sale
at Winter Shows Building in Valley City